/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   Liu Q Lab — Institutional Design System
   Dark hero · light content · single gold accent · editorial typography
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

:root {
  --navy:        #0a1428;
  --navy-2:      #12203c;
  --navy-3:      #1b2c4e;
  --gold:        #b8912f;
  --gold-soft:   rgba(184, 145, 47, .12);
  --ink:         #1e2a3a;
  --muted:       #5d6b7d;
  --paper:       #ffffff;
  --paper-alt:   #f5f7fa;
  --line:        #e3e8ef;
  --nav-h:       64px;
  --serif:       'Source Serif 4', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --sans:        'Inter', 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;
  --ease:        cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1);
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  line-height: 1.7;
  padding-top: var(--nav-h);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; transition: color .18s var(--ease); }
a:hover { color: var(--gold); }

/* ── Layout ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.wrap    { max-width: 1160px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; }
.wrap-sm { max-width: 860px;  margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; }
.section     { padding: 5.5rem 0; }
.section-alt { background: var(--paper-alt); }
.tc { text-align: center; }

/* ── Typography ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold);
  margin-bottom: .8rem;
}
.h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.2vw, 2.3rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  line-height: 1.18;
  margin-bottom: .9rem;
}
.section-dk .h2 { color: #fff; }
.lead {
  font-size: 1.02rem; color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;
  line-height: 1.75;
}
.rule {
  width: 42px; height: 2px;
  background: var(--gold);
  margin: .95rem auto 0;
}
.sec-head { margin-bottom: 2.6rem; }
.sec-head .rule { margin: .95rem 0 0; }

/* ── Buttons ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  padding: .72rem 1.7rem;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .88rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all .2s var(--ease);
  cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid transparent;
}
.btn-ghost {
  background: transparent; color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);
}
.btn-ghost:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: #fff; background: rgba(184,145,47,.12); }
.btn-line {
  background: transparent; color: var(--ink);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
}
.btn-line:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--gold); }
.btn-solid { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }
.btn-solid:hover { background: var(--navy-3); color: #fff; }

/* ── Navbar ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.navbar {
  position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto;
  height: var(--nav-h); z-index: 900;
  background: var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .08);
  display: flex; align-items: center;
  padding: 0 2.5rem; gap: 1.6rem;
}
.brand-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: #fff; letter-spacing: .01em;
  line-height: 1;
}
.navbar-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; }
.brand-inst {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem;
  font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .04em;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .48);
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .16);
  padding-left: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 1;
}
.brand-inst .dot { color: var(--gold); }

.nav-links {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .15rem;
  list-style: none; margin-left: auto;
}
.nav-links a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .68);
  font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: .4rem .9rem; border-radius: 2px;
  transition: color .18s var(--ease);
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: #fff; }
.nav-links a.active { color: var(--gold); }
.nav-toggle {
  display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px;
  cursor: pointer; padding: 4px; background: none; border: none;
  margin-left: auto;
}
.nav-toggle span { display: block; width: 24px; height: 2px; background: #fff; }

/* ── Hero (dark, typographic — no molecule) ─────────────────────────── */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--navy);
  min-height: 78vh;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
}
/* faint radial light + hairline grid texture, static (no animation) */
.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 72% 60% at 74% 30%, rgba(27,44,78,.9) 0%, transparent 62%),
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.018) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.018) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: auto, 54px 54px, 54px 54px;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-inner {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  width: 100%; max-width: 1160px; margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 5.5rem 2rem 4.5rem;
}
.hero-eyebrow {
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold);
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}
.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.9rem, 6.5vw, 4.6rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #fff;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}
.hero-desc {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .68);
  line-height: 1.85;
  max-width: 620px;
  margin-bottom: 2.4rem;
}
.hero-btns { display: flex; gap: .9rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }

/* stat strip pinned to hero bottom */
.hero-stats {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);
  background: rgba(6, 12, 26, .35);
}
.hero-stats-inner {
  max-width: 1160px; margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}
.hs-item { padding: 1.55rem 2rem 1.7rem; border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
.hs-item:last-child { border-right: none; }
.hs-num {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gold); line-height: 1;
}
.hs-label {
  font-size: .7rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.45);
  margin-top: .35rem; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* inner page header (dark band) */
.ph {
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: 4.6rem 2rem 3.6rem;
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.ph::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 80% at 80% 20%, rgba(27,44,78,.85) 0%, transparent 65%),
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.016) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.016) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: auto, 54px 54px, 54px 54px;
}
.ph-inner { position: relative; z-index: 1; max-width: 1160px; margin: 0 auto; }
.ph-eyebrow { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .18em;
              text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: .7rem; }
.ph-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.4vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 600; color: #fff; line-height: 1.1;
}
.ph-sub { color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); margin-top: .7rem; font-size: .98rem; max-width: 640px; }

/* ── Research cards ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.research-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1.4rem; margin-top: .5rem;
}
.rc {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 2.2rem 2rem 2.1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .22s var(--ease), border-color .22s var(--ease), box-shadow .22s var(--ease);
}
.rc::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 2px;
  background: var(--gold);
  transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.rc:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: #c9c3a8; box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(10,20,40,.06); }
.rc:hover::before { transform: scaleX(1); }
.rc-num {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em;
  color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: .75rem;
}
.rc-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.22rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.rc-body  { font-size: .93rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.8; }
.rc-tags  { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem; margin-top: 1.3rem; }
.tag {
  font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: .22rem .7rem; border-radius: 20px;
}
.tag:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--gold); }

/* ── Highlight publications (home) ───────────────────────────────────── */
.hl-list { margin-top: 1rem; }
.hl-card {
  display: flex; gap: 1.1rem; align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 1.25rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.hl-card:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.hl-dot {
  width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--gold); flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: .62rem;
}
.hl-title { font-size: .97rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.5; }
.hl-title a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.hl-meta  { font-size: .81rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: .3rem; }
.hl-meta em { color: var(--ink); font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; }
.hl-meta .hl-jrn {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold);
  border: 1px solid rgba(184,145,47,.4);
  padding: .1rem .55rem; border-radius: 2px;
  margin-right: .5rem;
}

/* ── Gallery ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.gallery-row {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.2rem; margin-top: .5rem;
}
.gal-item { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 4/3; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.gal-item img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .5s var(--ease); }
.gal-item:hover img { transform: scale(1.03); }
.gal-cap {
  position: absolute; inset: auto 0 0;
  padding: 2.2rem 1rem .7rem;
  background: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(6,12,26,.72));
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.9); font-size: .8rem; letter-spacing: .03em;
}

/* ── PI message ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.message-wrap {
  background: var(--navy-2);
  padding: 5.5rem 0;
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.message-wrap::before {
  content: '\201C';
  position: absolute; top: -3.5rem; left: 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 18rem; line-height: 1;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.035);
  pointer-events: none; user-select: none;
}
.message-body { max-width: 780px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; text-align: center; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.message-kicker { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.message-text {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2vw, 1.28rem);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); line-height: 1.95; font-style: italic;
}
.message-sig { margin-top: 2.2rem; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 1.1rem; }
.sig-avatar {
  width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover; object-position: top;
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(184,145,47,.5);
}
.sig-avatar-ph {
  width: 52px; height: 52px; border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--navy-3); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
}
.sig-name  { font-size: .95rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; text-align: left; }
.sig-title { font-size: .76rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.45); text-align: left; }

/* ── Members ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pi-row {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 210px 1fr; gap: 3rem;
  align-items: start;
  background: var(--paper-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 2.6rem 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 4rem;
}
.pi-img { width: 190px; height: 250px; object-fit: cover; object-position: top; border: 1px solid var(--line); margin: 0 auto; }
.pi-img-ph { width: 190px; height: 250px; background: #eceff3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 3.4rem; margin: 0 auto; }
.pi-name  { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.7rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
.pi-role  { font-size: .92rem; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; margin-top: .35rem; letter-spacing: .02em; }
.pi-inst  { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: .2rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.pi-bio   { font-size: .94rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.pi-email { margin-top: 1rem; font-size: .86rem; }
.pi-email a { color: var(--navy-3); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pi-email a:hover { color: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); }

.grp-label {
  font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--line);
  padding-bottom: .6rem; margin-bottom: 1.8rem; margin-top: 3.5rem;
}
.faculty-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr)); gap: 1.3rem;
}
.fc {
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 2px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .2s var(--ease), border-color .2s var(--ease);
}
.fc:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: #c9c3a8; }
.fc-img-wrap { position: relative; background: var(--paper-alt); }
.fc-img { width: 100%; max-height: 250px; object-fit: contain; object-position: center top; }
.fc-img-ph { width: 100%; height: 210px; background: #eceff3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 2.6rem; }
.fc-overlay {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background: rgba(10,20,40,.6);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  opacity: 0; transition: opacity .2s var(--ease);
}
.fc-overlay span { color: #fff; font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.fc:hover .fc-overlay { opacity: 1; }
.fc-body { padding: 1rem .95rem 1.25rem; }
.fc-name  { font-size: .96rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); }
.fc-title { font-size: .77rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: .25rem; }
.fc-email { font-size: .75rem; margin-top: .5rem; }
.fc-email a { color: var(--navy-3); }
.fc-email a:hover { color: var(--gold); }

.grade-label {
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted); margin: 1.6rem 0 .8rem;
}
.alumni-sub {
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted); margin: 1rem 0 .8rem;
}
.student-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(135px, 1fr)); gap: 1.1rem; }
.student-grid-lg { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(155px, 1fr)); }
.sc { background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; transition: transform .2s var(--ease), border-color .2s; }
.sc:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); border-color: #c9c3a8; }
.sc-img { width: 100%; height: 180px; object-fit: cover; object-position: top center; }
.sc-img-ph { width: 100%; height: 180px; background: #eceff3; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 2rem; }
.sc-body { padding: .6rem .7rem .8rem; }
.sc-name { font-size: .84rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); }
.sc-cn   { font-size: .73rem; color: var(--muted); }
.sc-deg  { font-size: .7rem; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; margin-top: .15rem; }

/* ── Bio Modal ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.bio-modal {
  display: none; position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 500;
  background: rgba(6,12,26,.62); align-items: center; justify-content: center;
}
.bio-modal.active { display: flex; }
.bio-modal-box {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-radius: 2px;
  max-width: 640px; width: 90%; max-height: 85vh; overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 2.1rem; position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(6,12,26,.4);
}
.bio-close {
  position: absolute; top: 1rem; right: 1.1rem;
  background: none; border: none; font-size: 1.15rem; cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--muted); line-height: 1;
}
.bio-close:hover { color: var(--navy); }
.bio-modal-inner { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: flex-start; }
.bio-modal-img { width: 120px; height: 150px; object-fit: cover; object-position: top center; border: 1px solid var(--line); flex-shrink: 0; }
.bio-modal-name  { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
.bio-modal-cn    { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: .1rem; }
.bio-modal-title { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; margin: .4rem 0 .8rem; }
.bio-modal-text  { font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.8; }

/* ── Publications page ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.pub-filters { display: flex; gap: .45rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 2.4rem; }
.pf-btn {
  padding: .32rem .95rem; border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--paper); color: var(--muted);
  cursor: pointer; transition: all .18s var(--ease);
}
.pf-btn:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--gold); }
.pf-btn.active { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; border-color: var(--navy); }
.yr-block { margin-bottom: 2.6rem; }
.yr-head {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--gold); padding-left: .9rem; margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}
.pub-card {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.4rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--line);
  margin-bottom: .35rem;
  transition: background .18s var(--ease), border-color .18s var(--ease);
}
.pub-card:hover { background: var(--paper-alt); border-left-color: var(--gold); }
.pub-card.star { border-left-color: var(--gold); background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold-soft), transparent 55%); }
.pub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .07em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold);
  border: 1px solid rgba(184,145,47,.4);
  padding: .12rem .55rem; border-radius: 2px;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.pub-title   { font-weight: 600; font-size: .96rem; color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.pub-authors { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.pub-meta    { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-meta em { color: var(--navy-3); font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; }
.pub-doi     { font-size: .78rem; margin-top: .4rem; }
.pub-doi a   { color: var(--navy-3); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pub-doi a:hover { color: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); }

/* ── Contact ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.contact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 3.5rem; align-items: start; }
.info-block { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.15rem; }
.info-row { display: flex; gap: .9rem; align-items: flex-start; }
.info-icon { font-size: 1.1rem; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: .1rem; }
.info-text { font-size: .93rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.join-box {
  background: var(--paper-alt);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 2px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 2.1rem 2.1rem 2.3rem;
}
.join-box h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: .9rem; }
.join-box p  { font-size: .93rem; line-height: 1.85; color: var(--ink); }
.join-box a { color: var(--navy-3); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.join-box a:hover { color: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); }

/* ── Footer ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.footer { background: var(--navy); color: rgba(255,255,255,.48); padding: 3.5rem 0 2rem; }
.footer-grid {
  max-width: 1160px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 3rem;
}
.f-brand-name { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; color: #fff; margin-bottom: .55rem; }
.f-brand-sub  { font-size: .82rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.f-col-title  { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: .9rem; }
.f-col ul { list-style: none; }
.f-col li { margin-bottom: .45rem; }
.f-col a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.48); font-size: .86rem; }
.f-col a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-bottom {
  max-width: 1160px; margin: 2rem auto 0; padding: 1.4rem 2rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: .78rem; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem;
}

/* ── Scroll reveal (subtle) ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
.reveal-section { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); transition: opacity .7s var(--ease), transform .7s var(--ease); }
.reveal-section.revealed { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

/* ── Responsive ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .brand-inst { display: none; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pi-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
  .pi-img, .pi-img-ph { margin: 0 auto; width: 160px; height: 210px; }
  .pi-email { text-align: center; }
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .hero-stats-inner { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .hero-stats-inner .hs-item:nth-child(2n) { border-right: none; }
  .hs-item:nth-child(n+3) { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
}
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  :root { --nav-h: 58px; }
  .nav-links {
    display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: .1rem;
    position: absolute; top: var(--nav-h); left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--navy);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
    padding: .75rem 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  }
  .nav-links.open { display: flex; }
  .nav-toggle { display: flex; }
  .gallery-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-title { letter-spacing: 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .wrap, .wrap-sm { padding: 0 1.3rem; }
  .section { padding: 3.6rem 0; }
  .faculty-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .student-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .bio-modal-inner { flex-direction: column; }
  .pi-row { padding: 1.8rem 1.4rem; }
  .rc { padding: 1.6rem 1.4rem; }
}

/* ── Reduced motion ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; }
  .reveal-section { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   V2 — image accents (keep it grand)
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

/* faint giant serif wordmark behind hero */
.hero-wordmark {
  position: absolute;
  right: -1%; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(16rem, 40vw, 38rem);
  font-weight: 600; line-height: .8;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
  pointer-events: none; user-select: none;
  z-index: 0;
}
.hero-accent {
  width: 64px; height: 2px; background: var(--gold);
  margin: 0 0 1.7rem;
}

/* full-bleed Featured Science band (dark statement) */
.featured {
  position: relative;
  background: var(--navy);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.featured::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 64% 90% at 50% 50%, rgba(27,44,78,.95) 0%, transparent 62%),
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.016) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.016) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: auto, 54px 54px, 54px 54px;
}
.featured-inner {
  position: relative; z-index: 1;
  max-width: 1160px; margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 5.5rem 2rem;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.05fr .95fr; gap: 4rem; align-items: center;
  text-align: left;
}
.featured-kicker { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.featured-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3.6vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 600; color: #fff; line-height: 1.28;
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}
.featured-body { font-size: 1.02rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }
.featured-fig {
  position: relative;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
  box-shadow: 0 30px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.45);
}
.featured-fig img { width: 100%; display: block; }
.featured-fig .fig-cap {
  font-size: .72rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  padding: .7rem 1rem; letter-spacing: .04em;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
}
@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .featured-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; text-align: center; }
  .featured .btn-ghost { margin: 0 auto; }
}

/* hero background image (subtle, dark, right-side glow) */
.hero-bg { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 0; pointer-events: none; }
.hero-bg img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center; }
.hero-bg::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--navy) 6%, rgba(10,20,40,.6) 52%, rgba(10,20,40,.22) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10,20,40,.28) 0%, transparent 40%);
}

/* research cards with cinematic figure top */
.rc.rc-fig-top { padding-top: 0; }
.rc-fig {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0 0 1.7rem;
  height: 195px; overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--navy-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.rc-fig img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover; object-position: center 30%;
  transition: transform .6s var(--ease);
}
.rc:hover .rc-fig img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.rc-fig span {
  position: absolute; right: .8rem; bottom: .6rem;
  font-size: .66rem; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(10,20,40,.55);
  padding: .18rem .6rem; border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   V3 — unified light body · hero content below fold · big research · full-width pubs
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

/* hero: content pushed below the fold (scroll slightly to see) */
.hero { min-height: 118vh; justify-content: flex-end; }
.hero-inner { padding: 0 2rem 3.6rem; }
.hero-bg::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10,20,40,.72) 0%, rgba(10,20,40,.42) 48%, rgba(10,20,40,.18) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10,20,40,.3) 0%, transparent 38%, rgba(10,20,40,.66) 100%);
}

/* featured band → light */
.featured { background: var(--paper-alt); }
.featured::before { background: none; }
.featured-title { color: var(--navy); }
.featured-body { color: var(--muted); }
.featured-fig { border-color: var(--line); box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(10,20,40,.1); }
.featured-fig .fig-cap { color: var(--muted); border-top-color: var(--line); }
.featured .btn-ghost { color: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy); }
.featured .btn-ghost:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--gold); background: transparent; }

/* PI message → light */
.message-wrap { background: var(--paper-alt); }
.message-wrap::before { color: rgba(10,20,40,.045); }
.message-text { color: var(--ink); }
.sig-name { color: var(--navy); }
.sig-title { color: var(--muted); }
.sig-avatar { border-color: var(--gold); }

/* research programs → large alternating image+text rows */
.research-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5rem; }
.rp { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.05fr 1fr; gap: 4.5rem; align-items: center; }
.rp--rev .rp-img { order: 2; }
.rp-img { position: relative; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: 0 18px 44px rgba(10,20,40,.08); }
.rp-img img { width: 100%; display: block; }
.rp-num { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 2.6rem; font-weight: 600; color: rgba(184,145,47,.42); line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rp-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.6vw, 2rem); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.rp-body { font-size: .98rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
.rp-tags { display: flex; gap: .45rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .research-list { gap: 3.5rem; }
  .rp { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.8rem; }
  .rp--rev .rp-img { order: 0; }
}

/* publications → full-width editorial rows */
.wrap-wide { max-width: 1380px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; }
.pub-fw-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pub-fw {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; gap: 2.2rem;
  padding: 2.7rem 0 2.9rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.pub-fw-year { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.55rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gold); }
.pub-fw-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.9vw, 1.5rem); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: .55rem; }
.pub-fw-title a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.pub-fw-meta { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-fw-meta .jrn { color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .03em; }
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .pub-fw { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .4rem; }
}

/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
   V4 — wider · flat · compact hero · dark featured/PI · pubs full-authors
   ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */

/* wider containers + bigger type */
.wrap      { max-width: 1360px; }
.wrap-wide { max-width: 1640px; }
.h2        { font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.6vw, 2.7rem); }

/* nav seamless with hero (no divider) */
.navbar { border-bottom: none; }

/* compact hero — go straight to content, no tall buffer */
.hero { min-height: 44vh; justify-content: center; }
.hero-inner { padding: 5.5rem 2rem 4.5rem; }
.hero-title { font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 7vw, 5.6rem); }
.hero-desc { font-size: 1.15rem; max-width: 700px; }
.hero-stats { display: none; }
.hero-bg::after {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10,20,40,.78) 0%, rgba(10,20,40,.42) 55%, rgba(10,20,40,.16) 100%);
}

/* featured — dark band, image as full background, no caption */
.featured { background: var(--navy); }
.featured::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10,20,40,.92) 18%, rgba(10,20,40,.6) 60%, rgba(10,20,40,.32) 100%),
    linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.015) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.015) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: auto, 54px 54px, 54px 54px;
}
.featured::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 0;
  background-image: url('/static/images/featured.png');
  background-size: cover; background-position: center 42%;
}
.featured-inner { position: relative; z-index: 1; max-width: 860px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 6rem 2rem; text-align: center; }
.featured-kicker { color: var(--gold); }
.featured-title { color: #fff; }
.featured-body { color: rgba(255,255,255,.72); margin: 0 auto 2rem; max-width: 680px; }
.featured .btn-ghost { color: #fff; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.featured .btn-ghost:hover { border-color: var(--gold); color: #fff; background: rgba(184,145,47,.12); }
.featured-fig { display: none; }

/* PI message — restore dark */
.message-wrap { background: var(--navy-2); }
.message-wrap::before { color: rgba(255,255,255,.035); }
.message-text { color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }
.sig-name { color: #fff; }
.sig-title { color: rgba(255,255,255,.45); }
.sig-avatar { border-color: rgba(184,145,47,.5); }

/* research — flat tiled grid, big images, no program number */
.research-grid { gap: 2.2rem; }
.rc { padding: 0 0 2.1rem; }
.rc-img { height: 320px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 0 1.7rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--navy-3); }
.rc-img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 30%; transition: transform .6s var(--ease); }
.rc:hover .rc-img img { transform: scale(1.05); }
.rc-num { display: none; }
.rc-title { font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.2vw, 1.7rem); }
.rc-body { font-size: .98rem; }
.rc { padding: 0 2rem 2.1rem; }

/* publications — #16 format: title, all authors, journal, DOI (no links) */
.pub-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pub-item {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; gap: 2.4rem;
  padding: 2.3rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.pub-year { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gold); }
.pub-title { font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.9vw, 1.5rem); font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: .55rem; }
.pub-authors { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.pub-jrn { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-jrn em { font-style: italic; color: var(--navy-3); font-weight: 500; }
.pub-jrn .doi { color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600; }

/* keep year-head for publications page */
.yr-block .pub-list { border-top: none; }

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .rc-img { height: 240px; }
  .pub-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .4rem; }
  .hero { min-height: 56vh; }
}

/* V5 — city subgroup labels on People page */
.city-label {
  font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-bottom: .5rem; margin: 2.4rem 0 1.4rem;
}

/* V5 — bigger nav typography */
.brand-name  { font-size: 1.55rem; }
.brand-inst  { font-size: .86rem; }
.nav-links a { font-size: .9rem; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.navbar { gap: 2rem; padding: 0 2.8rem; }
@media (max-width: 1100px) { .brand-inst { display: none; } }

/* V6 — sub-labels for degree split + even bigger nav */
.sub-label {
  font-size: .92rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy-3);
  margin: 2.4rem 0 .8rem;
}
.city-label { margin-top: 1.8rem; }
.brand-name  { font-size: 2.1rem; }
.brand-inst  { font-size: 1rem; }
.nav-links a { font-size: 1.05rem; letter-spacing: .09em; padding: .5rem 1rem; }
.navbar { height: 78px; gap: 2.2rem; padding: 0 3rem; }
:root { --nav-h: 78px; }
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .brand-name { font-size: 1.5rem; }
}

/* V7 — spread out Featured content */
.featured-inner { max-width: 1000px; padding: 9rem 2rem; text-align: center; }
.featured-kicker { color: var(--gold); font-size: .84rem; letter-spacing: .24em; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.featured-title {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  max-width: 920px; margin: 0 auto 2.2rem;
}
.featured-body {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.74);
  max-width: 820px; margin: 0 auto;
  font-size: 1.06rem; line-height: 2.1;
}

/* V8 — Baker-style lab summary + DOI links + PI link */
.summary {
  padding: 5.5rem 2rem 2.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.summary .eyebrow { display: block; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
.summary-statement {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.9vw, 1.95rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--navy);
  line-height: 1.45;
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.pub-jrn .doi {
  color: var(--gold); font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(184,145,47,.4);
}
.pub-jrn .doi:hover { color: var(--navy-3); }
.sig-name a { color: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; }
.sig-name a:hover { color: var(--gold); border-bottom-color: var(--gold); }

/* research card paper reference */
.rp-paper {
  margin-top: 1.3rem;
  font-size: .83rem;
  color: var(--gold);
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  line-height: 1.5;
}


@media (min-width: 921px) {
  .rp--narrow { grid-template-columns: .88fr 1.12fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .rp--narrow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}